缓释型配方肥在晚稻套播油菜上的应用效果

2016～2018年在长江中游三熟制区(江西进贤)开展田间试验,初步探究了缓释型配方肥(N:P2O5:K2O=25:7:8,及5％其他中微量元素)在晚稻套播油菜上的施用效果,从而为套播油菜轻简化施肥提供参考.结果表明:在油稻稻三熟制秸秆还田下,相比不施肥处理,分次施常规肥和一次性基施配方肥处理均显著增加了套播油菜产量和收入;缓释型配方肥在减少肥料养分投入且一次性基施的情况下,仍能达到甚至优于常规肥分次施用的效果.对于晚稻套播油菜,缓释型配方肥是一种较为理想的肥料,建议因地制宜地推广应用.     

丛生竹林下竹荪富硒菌棒覆土栽培技术

在丛生竹林下对不同基质配方和硒浓度菌棒进行埋棒栽培以及覆土方式栽培试验，结果表明，菌棒不同基质配方对竹荪产量及其营养成分有显著影响，而且三列浅沟形和双列龟背形2种覆土方式有利于提高竹荪产量。改良基质配方菌棒竹荪产量比常规配方提高约50%；在添加外源硒质量分数为0~2.0 mg/kg的浓度范围内，竹荪子实体产量先随着硒浓度的增加而逐渐增加后再有所降低，基质中添加1.5 mg/kg硒肥比不添加产量提高了195.30%。基质中添加硒质量分数为1.0~2.0 mg/kg的硒肥可以较显著地提高竹荪花的硒含量，其干物质中硒含量平均值从约2.50 mg/kg提高到8.05~13.30 mg/kg，外源硒肥利用率达到9.70%~15.36%。菌棒不同基质配方对竹荪子实体的粗蛋白及粗多糖含量有明显影响，改良配方竹荪蛋与竹荪花的粗蛋白含量是常规配方的1.21和1.29倍，其粗多糖含量是常规配方的4.81和1.35倍；基质中添加硒肥与不添加硒肥相比，竹荪蛋与竹荪花中粗蛋白含量分别增加了40.90%和14.30%。在硒质量分数为1.0 mg/kg的竹荪菌棒林下覆土栽培试验中，三列浅沟形覆土方式单位面积鲜竹荪蛋产量最高，为10.27 kg/m²；双列龟背形覆土方式单个菌棒的鲜竹荪蛋产量最高，达1.40 kg。三列浅沟形和双列龟背形2种覆土方式基质生物转化率分别为93.00%和94.14%，达到了较高水平。     

荷斯坦牛新遗传缺陷单倍型HH7分子筛查

HH7(Holstein Haplotype 7)是在荷斯坦牛群中新发现的一种隐性遗传缺陷单倍型,由27号染色体上CENPU基因4个碱基缺失突变引起,隐性基因纯合时能引起胚胎早期流产,严重影响着奶牛养殖者的经济效益。本研究利用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(KASP法)对随机抽取的166头荷斯坦公牛样本进行了检测分析,结果表明,在所检测的荷斯坦公牛中未发现HH7携带者个体。提示新缺陷单倍型HH7在北京地区的荷斯坦牛群中比例可能很低,但在全国牛群中的分布情况尚不清楚,建议继续开展相关研究,并在种牛遗传物质引进时重点关注,避免将新缺陷基因引入进来,造成有害基因的广泛传播。     

利用低温萌发试验评价不同颜色紫云英种子的活力

[目的]评价不同颜色紫云英种子的活力,为生产上适期收获和种子的色选加工提供参考.[方法]以同一紫云英种子批中黄绿色种子、深绿色种子、红棕色种子以及原样种子为材料,分别进行标准发芽试验和低温发芽试验,测定种子的四项萌发指标(发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和平均发芽时间),并用模糊隶属函数法综合评价不同颜色紫云英种子的活力.[结果]不同颜色的紫云英种子耐低温能力和活力差异显著.[结论]不同颜色紫云英种子的活力从大到小依次为:黄绿色种子、深绿色种子、原样种子、红棕色种子.     

Microbiological analysis of cadmium-contaminated sediments during biostabilization with indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria

Purpose

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have received particular attention in the bioremediation of sediments contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, indigenous SRB were used to stabilize Cd in sediments spiked with different Cd concentrations (≤ 600 mg kg^?1).

Materials and methods

The study investigated the Cd leaching efficiency from sediments after 166 days (d) of biotreatment and assessed the bacterial community and bacteria relationship in sediments during SRB biostabilization.

Results and discussion

The study found that the Cd leaching efficiency of sediments was reduced by 18.1–40.3% (29.4 ± 8.7%) after 166 days of biotreatment. During the biostabilization, the bacterial community in sediments significantly changed, particularly after 61 days of biotreatment. At the family level, the identified dominant bacteria (mean abundance > 3%) included Bacillaceae, norank Nitrospira, Anaerolineaceae, Nitrospinaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Hydrogenophilaceae. The study also speculated the complex relationships between these bacteria. The relative abundance of Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae in sediments was enhanced after biotreatment. Bacillaceae and Streptococcaceae may play a negative role in Cd biostabilization and inhibited SRB biological activity. However, Anaerolineaceae and Hydrogenophilaceae may have commensalism and mutualism relationships, respectively, with typical SRB. The presence of Nitrospinacea and norank Nitrospira may reduce the inhibitive effect of denitrifying bacteria on SRB, thereby exhibiting a positive effect on biologic sulfate reduction and Cd biostabilization.

Conclusions

Indigenous SRB treatment increased Cd stability in sediments and changed bacterial community. During SRB biostabilization, complex relationships between bacteria in sediments were speculated, including competition, syntrophism, and antagonism. These results provide insights for better regulating and controlling SRB biostabilization.

     

施用畜禽有机肥对辽河三角洲养蟹稻田水土环境的影响

经3 a的试验研究,探讨了施用畜禽有机肥对辽河三角洲养蟹稻田水土环境的影响。结果显示,畜禽有机肥可极显著地增加养蟹稻田耕层土壤的速效氮、磷、钾的供应量,显著增加有机质含量,最终显著增加水稻产量,增产的幅度可达10.6%~14.8%。畜禽有机肥可降低耕层土壤氧化还原电位(Eh),增大田面水体中BOD5、COD的含量,所以在生产应用中既要作好无害化处理、充分腐熟,还不能超量使用,否则会给河蟹带来生长迟缓、重金属含量超标和水稻病害加重及倒伏的风险。     

禾田稻2号选育技术报告

禾田稻2号(代号松辽628)是公主岭市松辽农业科学研究所以白粳1为母本、长白19为父本,双亲配组,有性杂交,后代材料经世代选拔培育,系谱法、穿梭育种,最终选育而成的水稻新品种。该品种株高适中、株型紧凑、分蘖力较强,成穗率好,结实率高,中感稻瘟病,米质好,产量高,综合性状优良,2020年通过内蒙古自治区农作物品种审定委员会审定,适宜在内蒙古中晚熟稻区等地种植。     

PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫下不同基因型 小麦品种萌发期抗旱性的综合鉴定

为了研究不同基因型小麦品种萌发期的抗旱性,以20个小麦品种为材料,采用质量分数为20%的PEG-6000溶液处理模拟干旱胁迫,测定了芽长、主胚根长、芽鲜质量、根鲜质量、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和萌发抗旱指数等指标,通过主成分分析和综合评价值(F值)法对供试材料的抗旱性进行综合评价,并通过测定相关生理指标对评价结果进行了验证。结果表明,PEG-6000胁迫处理后的芽长、主胚根长、芽鲜质量、根鲜质量、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均受到抑制,但不同品种的降幅存在显著差异。主成分分析表明,晋麦47、运旱618、长治6406、石4185和旱选10号抗旱性明显强于F值较低的京冬18、石家庄4号、石优20、郑麦366和郑麦9023。相关生理指标测定结果表明,F值较高的晋麦47、运旱618和长治6406的抗旱性要显著高于F值较低的京冬、石家庄4号和郑麦366。这说明基于形态指标的综合评价值法可以有效地对小麦萌发期抗旱性进行鉴定,供试材料中抗旱性较强的品种有:晋麦47、运旱618、长治6406、石4185和旱选10号,抗旱性较差的品种有:京冬18、石家庄4号、石优20、郑麦9023和郑麦366。     

杂草对除草剂非靶标抗性机理研究进展

随着除草剂的大面积持续使用,近年来抗性杂草种类增多,危害面积不断增加,危害程度逐渐加重。杂草对除草剂抗性问题业已成为威胁全球粮食安全的关键问题之一。杂草对除草剂的抗药机制主要分为靶标抗性和非靶标抗性,非靶标抗性主要包括对除草剂解毒能力增强、屏蔽作用或与作用位点的隔离作用等机理。本文主要对除草剂的非靶标抗性机制中的P450s、GSTs、ABC转运蛋白和谷胱甘肽转运体等进行综述,并对非靶标抗性机制研究前景进行展望。     

Dynamics of apoptosis-related gene expression during follicular development in yak

The potential reproduction power of domestic animals is limited by a complicated follicular atresia process. P53, caspase-9 (Casp9), Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas play a crucial role in the ovarian mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis and death receptor pathway. In accordance with this study, the expression levels of Casp9, Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas were analysed in ovaries and oviducts of yak by immunohistochemistry (IHC). P53 and the above in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from atretic (3–6 mm) to healthy follicles (6–8 mm) and in oviducts were examined from the luteal phase to the follicular phase during the oestrous circle by Western blot (WB) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Results demonstrated that typical classic apoptotic factors Casp9, Bax, Bcl-2 and Fas were expressed in the cytoplasm and zonal pellucida of oocytes, primordial follicles, primary follicles, ovarian surface epithelium, ovarian GCs, granular lutein cells, surface epithelia in oviduct uterotubal junction and oviduct ampulla during the luteal phase. RT-PCR and WB revealed that P53 and Fas significantly increased in GCs of atretic follicles. P53 and Casp9 increased in oviduct epithelium during the luteal phase, but Fas was unchanged. A contrary tendency was noted in Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Overall, P53 and Fas play an essential role in inducing GC apoptosis, and Bax, Bcl-2, Casp9 and P53 are involved in oviduct epithelial regeneration in yak.